What to Expect from a Colonoscopy

by | Apr 3, 2025 | Gastroenterologist

A doctor in surgical gloves preparing for colonoscopy. What do expect from a colonoscopy by Dr Jo Hua Chen.

A colonoscopy is a routine yet crucial procedure used to examine the inner lining of the colon and rectum. This test helps detect conditions such as colorectal cancer, polyps, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). While the thought of undergoing a colonoscopy may seem overwhelming, knowing what to expect can ease concerns and ensure a smoother experience.

A patient explaining his symptoms while a doctor is noting down.

Why You Might Need a Colonoscopy

Doctors recommend a colonoscopy for various reasons. Most commonly, it is used as a screening tool for colorectal cancer, especially for individuals over 50 or those with a family history of the disease. Additionally, if you experience persistent symptoms like abdominal pain, blood in the stool, unexplained weight loss, or changes in bowel habits, your doctor may suggest this procedure to investigate potential underlying conditions.

Woman pouring drinking water into glass. Preparing for colonoscopy.

Preparing for the Procedure

Preparation is a crucial step in ensuring a successful colonoscopy. Since the doctor needs a clear view of your colon, you will be required to follow a bowel cleansing process, typically involving:

  1. Dietary Adjustments – A few days before the procedure, you may need to switch to a low-fiber diet and avoid foods that can leave residue in the colon, such as seeds, nuts, and whole grains.

  2. Clear Liquid Diet – On the day before the colonoscopy, you will need to consume only clear liquids such as water, broth, and clear juices. Avoid anything with red or purple colouring, as they can affect visibility.

  3. Bowel Preparation Solution – Your doctor will prescribe a laxative solution to help empty your colon. Following the provided instructions carefully is essential for a thorough cleanse.

Though the preparation process may be inconvenient, it significantly improves the accuracy of the procedure, reducing the need for repeat examinations.

A doctor briefing patient to prepare for colonoscopy.

What to Expect from a Colonoscopy?

On the day of the procedure, you will arrive at the clinic or hospital and be prepped by medical staff. Here’s what you can expect:

  1. Sedation – To keep you comfortable, you will receive a sedative, either orally or intravenously. This helps you relax and minimizes discomfort during the procedure.

  2. The Examination – The doctor will gently insert a thin, flexible tube (colonoscope) into your rectum. This tube has a small camera at the tip, allowing the doctor to examine the colon’s lining in detail. If necessary, tissue samples (biopsies) may be taken, or polyps may be removed.

  3. Duration – The procedure usually takes between 20 to 45 minutes, depending on the findings.

Since you will be sedated, you won’t feel pain during the colonoscopy. Most patients don’t remember much of the procedure afterwards.

Woman resting on bed, recovery from colonoscopy.

After the Procedure: Recovery and Results

Once the colonoscopy is complete, you will be monitored in a recovery area until the sedation wears off. Here’s what to expect after the procedure:

  1. Mild Side Effects – You may experience bloating or mild cramping due to the air introduced into your colon during the examination. These effects typically subside within a few hours.

  2. Rest and Recovery – Because of the sedative, you should arrange for someone to drive you home. It’s best to take the rest of the day off and avoid any strenuous activities.

  3. Results Discussion – In some cases, your doctor may provide preliminary results right away. However, if biopsies were taken, it may take a few days to receive a detailed report.

 

Person contacting/talking to doctor.

When to Contact Your Doctor

Although complications from a colonoscopy are rare, it’s important to seek medical attention if you experience:

  • Severe abdominal pain

  • Persistent bleeding

  • Fever or chills

  • Dizziness or weakness

These symptoms could indicate a rare complication, such as a perforation or infection, and should be evaluated promptly.

Understanding what to expect from a colonoscopy allows you to approach the procedure with confidence. If you’re due for a screening or experiencing digestive concerns, consult a gastroenterologist to discuss your options. Taking proactive steps today can lead to better health outcomes in the future. If you have any questions or need to book an appointment, don’t hesitate to contact us here.